Shampoo composition



nited States T atet 3,072,580 SHAMPOO COMPOSITION Donald D. Laiderman,Park Forest, 111., assignor to The Giliette Company, Boston, Mass, acorporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Aug. 7, 1957, Ser. No. 676,702Claims. (Cl. 252-152) This invention relates to a shampoo compositionand pertains more specifically to a hair shampoo composition containingcertain sulfonated or sulfated surfactants in combination with analkylolarnide of a fatty acid and with certain alcohols.

One object of the present invention is to provide a hair shampoocomposition having effective cleansing power in both hard and softwater.

Another object is to provide a hair shampoo containing an effectivesulfonate or sulfate surfactant, which shampoo is free from turbidity'and cloudiness.

Still another object is to provide a shampoo of the type described whichhas good foaming properties and which at the same time provideseffective cleansing of the hair and possesses the characteristic'ofleaving the hair in good condition. By good condition is meant that thehair is easy to comb both wet and dry with little tendency to snarl, hasa soft handle both when wet and when dry, and is not harsh or rough tothe touch.

Other and further objects will be apparent from the description whichfollows.

It has been found that the foregoing objects are attained and a highlysatisfactory clear shampoo composition is provided by employing incombination three essential ingredients. The principal component of theshampoo composition is a sulfonated or sulfated surfactant which mayconsist entirely of the sodium salt of N-acyl-N- methyl taurine or whichmay consist of a mixture of the sodium salt of N-acyl-N-methyl taurinewith up to an equal amount by weight of the sodium, magnesium ortriethanolamine salt of an alkyl sulfuric acid. In either case each acylor alkyl group present in the molecule is of moderate length, containingfrom 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The sulfonated or sulfated surfactantcomponent should be from 8% to 20% by weight of the total weight of theaqueous shampoo composition. Among suitable sulfonated and sulfatedsurfactants that may be used are the sodium salts of N-decanoyl-N-methyltaurine, N-dodecanoyl-N-methyl taurine, N-tetradecanoyl-N-methyltaurine, N-octadecanoyl-N-methyl taurine, as well as the triethanolaminesalts of n-decyl sulfuric acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, myristyl sulfuricacid, cetyl sulfuric acid, stearyl sulfuric acid, and the like.

While the foregoing sulfonated or sulfated surfactants are the principalingredients of the shampoo composition of the present invention, it willbe appreciated that the solubility of such surfactants in aqueouscompositions is limited, particularly in the presence of salts such assodium chloride which are frequently present as an impurity in thecommercial product. Accordingly, in order to obtain a water-clearshampoo composition based on these surfactants, it is essential toemploy in combination with said surfactants a solubilizer. While avariety of materials are commercially available as solubilizers, theireffectiveness is in many cases quite limited. However, it has been foundthat by employing two selected solubilizers in combination a synergisticresult is obtained, as evidenced by enhanced clarity of the finishedcomposiice tion. One of the solubilizers employed is an alkylolamide ofa fatty acid, preferably a lower alkylolamide such as the monoordi-ethanolamide, monoor di-isopropanolamide, or the like of a fatty acidhaving from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, such as capric acid,lauric acid, myristic acid, or the like. Excess free alkylolamine mayalso be present along with the alkylolamide without deleterious results.

The second essential member of the solubilizing combination is analcohol having the structure in which R and R is each a lower alkylgroup having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is a group having one of thefollowing structures:

I?! Illa 0204 3 1 or orr2orn-o-R,

on 0H where R, and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4carbon atoms. Particularly important and useful members of this classare 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol; 3,6 dimethyl 4 octyne 3,6 diol; 3,6diethyl 4- octyne-3,6-diol; and 3,6-dimethyloctane-3,6-diol. All ofthese alcohols possess the desired low melting point, solubilizingeffectiveness and lack of odor which are requisite for the purpose ofthe present invention.

Each of the foregoing solubilizers must be present in an amount from 6%to 50% by weight based on the weight of the total surfactant with thetotal weight of both solu bilizers together being from 20% to by weightof the surfactant. It has been found that this combination ofsolubilizers not only possesses enhanced solubilizing characteristicsfor the sulfonate surfactants of the present composition, but inaddition imparts stability to the foam which is obtainable upon shakingthe composition.

In addition to the foregoing essential ingredients, it is highlydesirable in most cases to include in addition from 6% to 30% by weight,based on the weight of the surfactant, of a higher fatty alcohol;namely, a fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, such asn-decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, or the like. Thepresence of such a fatty alcohol not only enhances the stability of thefoam produced upon shaking the shampoo composition, but indeed increasesthe volume of foam obtainable.

While the foregoing composition with or without the higher fatty alcoholprovides a satisfactory shampoo, it has been found that the hairconditioning properties of the shampoo, i.e., its ability to leave thehair in good condition, are greatly enhanced by including in thecomposition a triethanolamine soap, that is, a triethanolamine salt of afatty acid having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The fatty acid present inthe soap may be any of those enumerated above as suitable for formingthe alkylolamide solubilizer. The amount of such soap may vary from 10%to 65% by weight of the total surfactant.

The following specific examples are intended to illustrate more clearlythe nature of the present invention without any limitation upon thescope thereof.

Example 1 A shampoo composition was prepared by dissolving in water thefollowing ingredients in the proportions specified, the ingredientsbeing added to an aqueous medium in the order named:

Water, to 100 parts by weight.

Example 2 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts areby Weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 8.0Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 4.0 Lauryl alcohol 1.03,6-dirnethyl-4-0ctyne-3,6-diol 2.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing composition was found to be substantially equivalent tothecomposition of Example 1- as' a hair shampoo.

Example 3 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts areby weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 12.0 Ninol AA62(mixture of lauric diethanolamide and diethanolamine) 5.0

' 3,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol 1.0

Triethanolamine soap of a mixture of 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acidwith 1 part of oleic acid--- 3.8

Lauryl' alcohol 1.0

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing composition was found to be substantially equivalent tothe compositions of Examples 1- and 2 so far as cleaning effectiveness,volume of foam, and

V foam stability were concerned and to be superior in hair conditioningproperties.

Example 4 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts areby weight:

' Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 8.0

Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 4.0 Lauric diethanolamide 4.03,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol 1.0 Triethanolamine soap of a mixture of3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid with 1 part of oleic acid 3.8

Water, to 100 parts.

The foregoing shampoo composition 'was found to be substantiallyequivalent to the composition of Example 3.

Example 5 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts areby weight: J v a a Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acidtaurate 12.0 Lauryl alcohol 1.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0'

2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-dio1 Water,to 100 parts.

This composition was found to be substantially equivalent to thecomposition of Example 1 as a hair shampoo, the composition remainingwater-clear even at temperatures well below normal room temperature.

Example 6 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts areby weight:

Parts Sodium N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurate 12.0 Laurylalcohol 1.0 Lauric diethanolamide 5.0 3,6-dimethyloctane-3,6-diol' 2.0

Water, to 100 parts.

This composition was found to be substantially equivalentto thecomposition of Example 1 as a hair shampoo, the composition remainingwater-clear even at temperatures well below normal room temperature.

Similar results can be achieved by varying the nature of the specificingredients within the scope of the present invention as set forthhereinabove. Any of the conventional additives, such as perfumes,sequestering agents, germicides, dyes, stabilizers, and the like, may beadded in accordance with conventional practice.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been describedherein, it is not intended to limit the invention solely thereto, but toinclude all of the obvious variations and modifications within thespirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from8%- to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of asurface active agent selected from the class consisting of (l) thesodium salt of N-acyl-N-methyl taurine and (2) a mixture of said sodiumsalt with up to an equal amount by weight of a member of the classconsisting of the sodium, magnesium and triethanolamine salts of analkyl surfuric acid, the acyl and alkyl groups of said surface activeagents each having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, (B) from 6% to 50% byweight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, of analkylolamide of a fatty acid having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in thechain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of saidsurface active agent, of a compound having the structure in which R1 andR is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is amember of the class consisting of in which R; and R is each a loweralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total weight of (B) and(C) together being from 20% to by weight of said surface active agent.'

2. A shampoo composition as defined inclaim 1 comprising inaddition'from 6% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of said surfaceactive agent, of a fatty alcoho containing from 10m 14 carbon atoms.

. 3.. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 2 comprising in additionfrom 10% to 65% by weight, based on the weight of said surface activeagent, 'of a triethanolamine salt of a fatty acid having from 10 to '18carbon atoms. V

4. A 'sharnpoo composition consisting essentially of 7 water and (A)from 8% to 20% by weight, based on the olamide of a fatty acid havingfrom to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight,based on the weight of said sodium salt, of a compound having thestructure in which R and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to4 carbon atoms and R is a member of the class consisting of in which R;and R is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, thetotal weight of (B) and (C) together being from to 75% by weight of saidsodium salt.

5. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 4 including in additionfrom 6% to 30% by weight based on the weight of said sodium salt, of afatty alcohol containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

6. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 5 in which said fattyalcohol comprises lauryl alcohol.

7. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 4 in which said sodium saltis the salt of N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurine.

8. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from 8%to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of a surfaceactive agent consisting of a mixture of the sodium salt of N-acyl-N-methyl taurine with up to an equal amount by weight of thetriethanolamine salt of an alkyl sulfuric acid, the acyl and alkylgroups of said salts each having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, (B) from 6%to 50% by weight, based on the weight of said surface active agent, ofan alkylolamide of a fatty acid having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in thechain, and (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of saidsurface active agent, of a compound having the structure in which R andR is each a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R is amember of the class consisting of in which R and R is each a lower alkylgroup having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the total weight of (B) and (C)together being from 20% to 75% by weight of said surface active agent.

9. A shampoo composition consisting essentially of water and (A) from 8%to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the shampoo, of thesodium salt of N-methyl-N-coconut oil fatty acid taurine, (B) from 6% toby weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of thediethanolamide of lauric acid, (C) from 6% to 50% by weight, based onthe Weight of said sodium salt, of 3,6-dimethyl-4-octyne-3,6-diol, thetotal weight of (B) and (C) together being from 20% to 75% by weight ofsaid sodium salt, and (D) from 6% to 30% by weight, based on the weightof said sodium salt, of lauryl alcohol.

10. A shampoo composition as defined in claim 9 comprising in additionfrom 10% to by weight, based on the weight of said sodium salt, of thetriethanolamine salt of a fatty acid having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,250,445 Bruson et a1. July 29, 1941 2,527,075 Preston Oct. 24, 19502,527,076 Preston Oct. 24, 1950 2,607,740 Vitale et al Aug. 19, 19522,893,913 Wiedow July 7, 1959 2,997,447 Russell et a1. Aug. 22, 1961OTHER REFERENCES The Surfynols, publication of Air Reduction Chem.Corp., NPD080507, pages 1-3, received November 19, 1956.

Saturated Ditertiary Glycols, pub. of Air Reduction Chem. Corp.,NPD-0405l2, page 1, received November 19, 1956.

Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, October 1951, pages 87 and 89, articleentitled Detergents for Shampoos.

Soap and Chemical Specialties, October 1955, page 59, article byMcCutcheon.

Higher Diols, pub. by Carbide and Carbon Chem. Corp, received US. PatentOffice, March 27, 1950 (pp. 1 and 2).

1. A SHAMPOO COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF WATER AND (A) FROM 8%TO 20% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE SHAMPOO, OF A SURFACEACTIVE AGENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF (1) THE SODIUM SALTOF N-ACYL-N-METHYL TAURINE AND (2) A MIXTURE OF SAID SODIUM SALT WITH UPTO AN EQUAL AMOUNT BY WEIGHT OF A MEMBER OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF THESODIUM, MAGNESIUM AND TRIETHANOLAMINE SALTS OF AN ALKYL SURFURIC ACID,THE ACYL AND ALKYL GROUPS OF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS EACH HAVING FROM10 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, (B) FROM 6% TO 50% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHTOF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT, OF AN ALKYLOLAMIDE OF A FATTY ACID HAVINGFROM 10 TO 14 CARBON ATOMS IN THE CHAIN, AND (C) FROM 6% TO 50% BYWEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT, OF A COMPOUNDHAING THE STRUCTURE